C#开发环境搭建

2026-09-18

安装 .NET SDK

.NET SDK（软件开发工具包）包含了编译器、运行时和各种开发工具，是 C# 开发的基础。安装步骤如下：

访问 .NET 官方下载页面：https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download
选择最新的 LTS（长期支持）版本，推荐初学者优先选择 LTS 版，稳定且资料丰富。
根据你的操作系统（Windows / macOS / Linux）下载对应的安装包，按提示完成安装。

安装 VSCode

vscode是一个轻量级的代码编辑器，它提供了丰富的插件生态系统和强大的调试功能。通过安装相关插件，vscode可以成为一个功能强大的集成开发环境（IDE），支持多种编程语言和开发工具。

下载地址：https://code.visualstudio.com/Download
直接默认安装即可，安装中选项选择Add to PATH，这样就不需要手动添加环境变量。

需要安装的插件，左侧栏点击扩展，搜索安装以下插件：

C# Dev Kit：提供C#语言的语法高亮、智能提示和调试功能。

创建 C# 项目

C# Demo

.vscode

launch.json

tasks.json

Demo.csproj

Program.cs

.vscode/launch.json
{
	"version": "0.2.0",
	"configurations": [
		{
			"name": ".NET Core Launch (console)",
			"type": "coreclr",
			"request": "launch",
			"preLaunchTask": "build",
			"program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/Debug/net10.0/Demo.dll",
			"args": [],
			"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
			"console": "internalConsole",
			"stopAtEntry": false
		},
		{
			"name": ".NET Core Attach",
			"type": "coreclr",
			"request": "attach"
		},
	]
}
.vscode/tasks.json
{
	"version": "2.0.0",
	"tasks": [
		{
			"label": "build",
			"detail": "增量编译：只编译有改动的文件，供日常开发和 F5 调试",
			"command": "dotnet",
			"type": "process",
			"args": [
				"build",
				"${workspaceFolder}/Demo.csproj",
				"/property:GenerateFullPaths=true",
				"/consoleloggerparameters:NoSummary;ForceNoAlign"
			],
			"group": {
				"kind": "build",
				"isDefault": true
			},
			"problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
		},
		{
			"label": "clean",
			"detail": "清除 bin/obj 等编译输出，解决陈旧程序集或奇怪编译错误",
			"command": "dotnet",
			"type": "process",
			"args": [
				"clean",
				"${workspaceFolder}/Demo.csproj",
				"/property:GenerateFullPaths=true",
				"/consoleloggerparameters:NoSummary;ForceNoAlign"
			],
			"problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
		},
		{
			"label": "rebuild",
			"detail": "先清除再完整编译，等价于 Visual Studio 的重新生成",
			"dependsOrder": "sequence",
			"dependsOn": [
				"clean",
				"build"
			],
			"group": "build",
			"problemMatcher": []
		},
		{
			"label": "publish",
			"detail": "发布可部署产物（含依赖），用于拷贝到其他机器或发布目录",
			"command": "dotnet",
			"type": "process",
			"args": [
				"publish",
				"${workspaceFolder}/Demo.csproj",
				"/property:GenerateFullPaths=true",
				"/consoleloggerparameters:NoSummary;ForceNoAlign"
			],
			"problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
		},
		{
			"label": "watch",
			"detail": "监视源码变化并重启进程（关闭热重载，控制台 Main 改完才能重新打印）",
			"command": "dotnet",
			"type": "process",
			"args": [
				"watch",
				"--no-hot-reload",	// 关闭热重载，控制台 Main 改完才能重新打印
				"run",
				"--project",
				"${workspaceFolder}/Demo.csproj"
			],
			"isBackground": true,
			"presentation": {
				"reveal": "always",
				"panel": "dedicated"
			},
			"problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
		}
	]
}
Demo.csproj
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>

</Project>
Program.cs
using System;

namespace DemoApp
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
            Console.ReadKey();
            
        }
    }
}

常用库

CommunityToolkit.Mvvm：Mvvm框架，提供了ViewModel和View的分离，使得代码更加清晰易懂。
TouchSocket.SerialPorts：串口通信库，提供了串口通信的封装，使得串口通信更加简单易用。
log4net：日志库，提供了日志的记录和输出，使得日志记录更加简单易用。